Objectives: Women are faced with numerous stresses during their lives. This study examined the effect of two approaches on pregnancy-specific stress, including a training package and a group consultation approach. Materials and Methods: Using a parallel design, this randomized controlled trial was conducted in 3 phases, on 70 pregnant women who visited the selected medical centers in Alborz province in Iran during 2016. Eligible mothers were selected through the convenience sampling method and then were divided into intervention and control groups in random blocks of four. The control group was provided with routine pregnancy care and the training package on how to cope with pregnancy stress. In addition, the intervention group received the routine pregnancy care plus cognitive-behavioral consultation in six 90-minute sessions. The mothers in both groups were evaluated at baseline, at the end of the sessions, and three weeks later using the Pregnancy Worries and Stress Questionnaire (PWSQ). Results: According to the obtained results, the 2 groups differed significantly in terms of the total score and the score of each dimension of the PWSQ except for the personal-occupational dimension. A comparison of the groups showed that the mean scores of the intervention group followed a decreasing trend in all three phases. However, the total score and the mean scores of all dimensions increased in the control group except for the mother-newborn bonding dimension (P<0. 05). Conclusions: The presence of a consultant and the practice of cognitive-behavioral consultation could further reduce pregnancy-specific stress and worries compared to the training package.

The present research aims to compare the impact of group consultation on the basis of two approaches of reality therapy and feminism over the identity changes of householder women. Statistical society has been the whole community of householder women who receive support from Imam Khomeini Relief Committee in fifth District of Tehran, which was randomly selected. Research tool has been Indigenous Crisis Questionnaire (ICQ). 42 women out of 80 householder ones were selected randomly through matching up their identity and were divided into three groups. 14 women were placed in experiment group with reality therapy approach. 14 ones in experiment group with feminist approach (1 loss was witnessed) and 14 of them were placed in control group. 9 consultation meetings were held for reality therapy group, and 10 for feminist group. The data of both groups were collected and Sceffe post hoc analysis of variance test was performed to evaluate the impact of group consultation on both groups and the result was analyzed. As a result both consultation meetings-reality therapy and feminist-had impacts on alteration of householder women’s identity without any significant differences between impacts on the two groups.

This research is intended to identify the requirements of advisory decision making based on the Islamic teachings. Studies show that despite the favorable benefits of consultation in decision making, sometimes, it does not lead to favorable results; therefore, it seems that some provisions ought to be fulfilled for leading it to a desirable end. The main question of this research concerns the requirements of advisory decision making based on Islamic teachings. Actually, the question is: “ What criteria have to be adhered for leading managers to consultation in decision making to achieve the desired results and to improve material and spiritual performance? ” Inductive content analysis method was used to answer the question. The findings indicated that the most important requirements of advisory decision making in Islamic teachings are: considering the religious forbiddances against consultation, protection of privacy, spiritual connections, considering the qualities of counselors, purposeful selection of ideas, ability in decision making and performance. The results also showed that some Islamic requirements are present in the management principles; yet, they are more extensive in Islamic teachings. A number of Islamic requirements are fundamentally in contrast with, or even absent in, managerial bases. Some Islamic requirements are not inconsistent with the principles of management, but they have been neglected in the views of management experts.

Introduction: depression is among those disorders that negatively influence cognitive, psychological and emotional process of the patients. Therefore, the present study was conducted aiming to investigate the effectiveness of group reality therapy on the negative automatic thoughts and psychological flexibility of depressed clients at consultation centers. Materials and Methods: the present study was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, control group design and two-month follow-up stage. The statistical population of the present study included clients with depression who referred to consultation centers in the autumn and winter of 2019-2020 in the city of Ahvaz. 40 people with depression were selected from the statistical population through purposive sampling method and they were randomly accommodated into experimental and control group (each group of 20). The experimental group received ten ninety-minute sessions of reality therapy (Glasser, 2013) during two and half months. The applied questionnaires in this study included depression questionnaire (Beck et. al, 1996), negative automatic thoughts questionnaire (Kendal and Holon, 1980) and psychological flexibility questionnaire (Denis and Wanderwal, 2010). The data from the study were analyzed through repeated measurement ANOVA. Results: the results showed that group reality therapy has significant effect on the negative automatic thoughts and psychological flexibility of the depressed clients at consultation centers (p<0. 001) in a way that this therapy succeeded in improving the decrease of negative automatic thoughts and improving psychological flexibility of depressed client at consultation centers. Conclusion: the findings of the present study revealed that reality therapy can be applied as an efficient therapy to decrease negative automatic thoughts and improve psychological flexibility of the people with depression through employing techniques such as the members’,familiarity with their responsibilities and helping acceptance and increasing accountability and also underplaying the past in the present behavior and emphasizing internal control.

Background and Objective: Irritable bowel syndrome is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal disorders that affect both genders in different ages, but its prevalence is higher in women. Because of perceived stress are very important factors in development of symptoms, the current study aimed to determine the effectiveness of group mindfulness based stress reduction consultation on severity of physical symptoms in women with irritable bowel syndrome.Materials and Method: This semi-experimental study was conducted on 30 women with irritable bowel syndrome referred to one of the educational hospitals in Zahedan in 2015. 30 patients were selected conveniently and then were randomly allocated into two intervention and control groups. The intervention group was received the 8 sessions (each session 90-minutes) educational program. Data were collected through the IBS Symptom Severity Scale before and one week after the intervention. Data analysis was done through using SPSS 20, chi-square, independent T-test, paired T-test and ANCOVA.Results: The mean of physical symptoms severity before the intervention in intervention and control groups was 309.46±32.19 and 304.01±34.01 respectively that after the intervention were changed to 228.60±13.56 in intervention (p=0.001) and 299.80±15.72 in control group (p=0.8) The result of ANCOVA test showed that there was significant differences between the two groups after the intervention (p=0.001).Conclusion: Group mindfulness based stress reduction method can be used to reduce severity of physical symptoms in women with irritable bowel syndrome. The application of this method in order to improve the symptoms of stress in other diseases is recommended.

The aim of this research is surveying of effectiveness of reality treatment and positivism to increase tirelessness of mothers who have blind children. The Research method is semi-experimental based on pretest and past-test with control group. Statistical population include all of mothers with blind children in Tehran city whose children are studying in the blind schools, 45 persons were randomly selected and assigned in three groups (2 experimental groups and 1 control group). Members of experimental groups in reality- therapy and positivism participated in 10 sessions. The experimental and control groups were evaluated in 2 stages, pretest and post-test by tirelessness scale (Kubasa). Achieved data were analyzed by covariance analysis statistical method. The research results showed that group consultation with two approaches: reality-therapy and positivism has effect to increase mother’s tirelessness. Also results showed that there is meaningful difference between experimental group and control group (P<0.05) and positivism method is more effective than reality- therapy.